02
GLP-1 Drugs and Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review
A systematic review finds GLP-1 agonists associated with fewer alcohol-related hospitalizations and opioid overdoses, though causality remains unconfirmed without dedicated trials.
Compound Chronicle — peptide and research-compound science
Independent commentary on peptide and research-compound science — drawn from the literature, the lab, and the researchers working with these compounds.
Featured
LL-37, MRGPRX2, and Rosacea: Where the Pathway Evidence Stands
A narrative review examines the LL-37-MRGPRX2-mast cell pathway in rosacea, finding human tissue evidence for the receptor but no direct patient functional testing completed yet.
Key Finding Human rosacea tissue consistently shows MRGPRX2 localized to lesional mast cells, and LL-37 triggers MRGPRX2-mediated mast cell degranulation in vitro — but direct, selective testing of this receptor in patients with rosacea has not been conducted.
Latest33 items
03
Unapproved GLP-1 Drugs Sold Online: What JAMA Found
JAMA documents unapproved retatrutide and zenagamtide sold online at premium prices, highlighting the gap between oversight and the research-grade supply chain.
04
The Plateau Isn't a Tolerance Problem
Weight loss stalls on GLP-1s are usually blamed on tolerance, but the arithmetic of energy balance explains better — no trial supports ad-hoc stacking as the fix.
05
Semaglutide Kidney Study: Vascular and Endothelial Protection
A 52-week Nature Medicine RCT shows semaglutide preserves kidney function via reduced vascular resistance, fibrosis stabilization, and endothelial cell protection.
06
Elamipretide Oocyte Quality: What the New Animal Evidence Shows
A new study finds elamipretide restores oocyte quality in aged mice and improves in vitro maturation of aged human oocytes via vitamin B6-VEGF pathway activation.
07
Mitochondrial Peptides: What the Record Actually Shows
SS-31 and MOTS-c are the most sequenced mitochondrial peptides in this space. One has a phase 3 miss and a rare-disease approval; the other has no human trials at all.
08
Waking at 3 AM: The Evidence on What Moves It
Waking at 3 AM is the insomnia pattern with the least to show for most fixes. What the trials support, and where DSIP actually sits in that record.
09
Incretin-Based Injectables vs Intensified Insulin: 18-Trial Meta-Analysis
A meta-analysis of 18 RCTs found incretin-based injectables outperformed intensified insulin on HbA1c with half the hypoglycemia risk and 4.65 kg weight difference.
10
Adding a GLP-1 Receptor Agonist to SGLT2 Inhibitor Therapy in CKD
A population study of 32,448 patients found adding a GLP-1RA to SGLT2i therapy reduced kidney events by 30% and mortality by 45% over 12 months.
11
Orforglipron 12 mg vs 36 mg: Dose Meta-Analysis
A meta-analysis found orforglipron 36 mg outperformed 12 mg on weight, HbA1c, and cardiometabolic markers with comparable safety — key dose-selection data.
12
Semaglutide STEP UP: Thigh Muscle and Fat Infiltration
A STEP UP analysis found semaglutide reduced thigh muscle fat infiltration while preserving sit-to-stand function — a look at muscle quality, not just mass.
13
NAD+ and Frailty in Older Adults: New Human Evidence
In 529 older adults, lower blood NAD+ was associated with frailty — human observational data from the Itabashi Longitudinal Study on Aging.
14
How Structural Design Defines Next-Generation GLP-1 Analogs
A structural overview of how DPP-4 resistance, lipidation, signaling bias, and multi-receptor agonism produce progressively more sophisticated incretin therapies.
15
Tirzepatide and Atrial Fibrillation: Meta-analysis
A 10-trial Bayesian meta-analysis found tirzepatide was not linked to atrial fibrillation, while raising a cautious flag on broader arrhythmia outcomes.
16
GLP-1 RAs vs MRAs: Resistant Hypertension with Obesity
A 67-organization cohort study finds GLP-1 agonists linked to lower MACE (HR 0.63) and mortality (HR 0.48) than MRAs in resistant hypertension with obesity.
17
GLP-1 Agonists for MASH Fibrosis: an Overview
A Cell Reports Medicine review surveys incretin-based therapies for MASH fibrosis — from FDA-approved semaglutide to emerging dual and triple GLP-1 agonists.
18
Retatrutide Lowers BP and Lipids: A Meta-Analysis
The first meta-analysis of retatrutide's BP and lipid effects across RCTs finds significant reductions in SBP, DBP, total cholesterol, and triglycerides.
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Online-Sourced Retatrutide and DKA Risk: A Case Report
A Cureus case report describes impending DKA after online-purchased retatrutide use in type 1 diabetes — a real-world warning about unregulated research peptides.
21
What Happens to Muscle When Semaglutide Drives Weight Loss
A 12-month semaglutide study found absolute lean mass fell while a muscle quality index improved and handgrip strength stayed preserved in participants.
22
Survodutide for Obesity: Phase 3 SYNCHRONIZE-1 Results
The NEJM-published SYNCHRONIZE-1 trial shows survodutide 6.0 mg achieved -13.0% mean weight loss over 76 weeks in adults with obesity without diabetes.
23
What 33,691 COAs Report — and What They Leave Out
An analysis of 33,691 COAs found mass confirmation absent, while sterility and endotoxin appeared on fewer than 1 in 10 certificates in the dataset.
24
Semaglutide, Muscle Loss, and the Protein Question
A 12-month routine-care study shows absolute lean mass falls with semaglutide while reference-based muscle status improves — and a parallel review argues protein intake deserves more attention than it gets.
25
Semaglutide and NAION: What the New Correspondence Shows
New correspondence in JAMA Ophthalmology argues over the data and temporal risk in semaglutide–NAION analyses — the exchange itself is a reminder that the safety question is a methods question.
26
Semaglutide vs. Bariatric Surgery for Liver Disease
A 92-patient observational comparison over 72 weeks finds semaglutide and sleeve gastrectomy both improve noninvasive liver markers in MASLD — with a hint that semaglutide's liver effect may not run entirely through weight loss.
27
Retatrutide and Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers
A new analysis in Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism reports biomarker improvements across cardiac-related measures in adults with obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes.
28
Kisspeptin Research Keeps Returning to the GnRH Neuron
Kisspeptin research links reproductive signaling to GnRH neurons. This review explains the mechanism, evidence base, and questions still open.
29
GLP-1 Agonists and Intracranial Hypertension
A systematic review examined GLP-1 receptor agonists in idiopathic intracranial hypertension — a signal that incretin research is expanding beyond metabolic outcomes.
30
What a Certificate of Analysis Does — and Does Not — Prove
A COA records one laboratory's test on one sample. Learn how to read purity, identity, sterility, endotoxin, and batch-specific limits before relying on it.
31
Why Batch-Specific Testing Matters
Two identical-looking vials can come from different batches — and different batches can differ in ways a generic certificate will never reveal.
32
NAD+ Research Is Widening — and So Are the Questions
A batch of new NAD+ papers spans redox biology, cancer metabolism, and sirtuin signaling. The breadth is a reminder that NAD+ is a fundamental biochemistry topic, not just a supplement.
33
GHK-Cu: Human Evidence vs. Preclinical Claims
GHK-Cu is among the most widely discussed copper peptides. The interesting question is which of its effects are backed by human evidence and which remain preclinical.